溶剂对环氧乙烷催化水合制乙二醇的影响

研究了NY催化剂催化环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇(EG)过程中,溶剂、催化剂添加量和水与环氧乙烷的摩尔比(简称水比)对EG选择性的影响。实验结果表明,以丙三醇作为溶剂使催化剂进行循环,能提高EG的选择性,效果好于以生成的EG作为溶剂循环催化剂。催化剂添加量、水比和溶剂添加量对EG选择性具有较大影响,其中溶剂添加量对EG选择性的影响最显著。在低水比(1.0~4.0)条件下,EG质量分数小于30%、催化剂质量分数大于7.2%时,EG选择性稳定在95.63%~97.92%,平均值为96.80%,此结果对于进一步降低EG合成工艺的能耗具有指导意义。     

Mixed oxide supported hydrodesulfurization catalysts—a review

Support effects form important aspect of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) studies and mixed oxide supports received maximum attention in the last two decades. This review will focus attention on studies on mixed oxide supported Mo and W catalysts. For convenience of discussion, these are divided into Al₂O₃ containing mixed oxide supports, TiO₂ containing mixed oxide supports, ZrO₂ containing mixed oxide supports and other mixed oxide supports containing all the rest. TiO₂ containing mixed oxides received maximum attention, especially TiO₂–Al₂O₃ supported catalysts. A brief discussion about their prospects for application to ultradeep desulfurization is also included. An overview of the available literature with emphasis on research carried out in our laboratory form the contents of this publication.     

聚丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨纳米复合材料的研究

氧化石墨具有良好的层状结构，其层间具有丰富的官能团，能与有机聚合物形成插层纳米复合材料进而改善材料的性能．采用层离吸收-原位聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺／氧化石墨纳米复合材料，并采用XRD、HREM及DSC等对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺与氧化石墨两者之间存在着较强的相互作用，材料的玻璃化转变温度得到提高，层离吸收-原位聚合法是获得聚丙烯酰胺／氧化石墨层纳米复合材料的有效途径，聚丙烯酰胺在氧化石墨中存在着多种排列方式，不同层间距(1．6nm和2．8nm)的聚丙烯酰胺／氧化石墨纳米复合结构同时存在。     

工艺参数对纳米颗粒Cu/SiO_2复合薄膜结构和光谱特性的影响

用离子束溅射法制备了具有反常光吸收特性的纳米颗粒CU／SiO2复合薄膜。获得了在离子来参数一定时，基片温度、膜料的沉积时间和镀膜后的保温时间等工艺参数对这种薄膜结构和光学特性的影响规律，并对纳米颗粒Cu／SiO2复合薄膜的反常光吸收特性作了计算和解释。     

仿生矿化的研究Ⅰ．文石型碳酸钙的合成

在聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ）存在下，ＣａＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３反应生成了类似红鲍鱼壳的含有ＰＥＯ的碳酸钙──高聚物复合材料。Ｘ－衍射和电镜照片显示，它有两种微观结构：外层为文石型和方解石型结构，内层为针状文石型结构。热重分析表明，该材料中含有３％左右ＰＥＯ。结果说明，聚合物对碳酸钙晶核的形成和晶体的生长有很大影响，并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

Nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon-supported copper-chromium catalysts

Carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts are shown to be very active for both the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and the oxidation of carbon monoxide with oxygen. Mixed copper-chromium oxide active phases have good activity in the simultaneous removal of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide from exhaust gases. The influence of several catalyst variables has been investigated. The activity per volume of catalyst increases with increasing loading, while the intrinsic activity shows a maximum around C/M=100−50. An optimum catalyst for nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation has a copper/chromium ratio of 2/1. The apparent activation energy for the carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts is 77 kJ/mol, suggesting that the Cu---O bond rupture is the rate-limiting process. The reduction of nitric oxide takes place at higher temperatures. Since all catalysts have a low selectivity for molecular nitrogen formation at lower temperatures, the dissociation of nitric oxide is probably rate determining, resulting in a slightly reduced catalyst system. In an excess of carbon monoxide the reaction is first-order in nitric oxide and zero-order in carbon monoxide. Moisture inhibits the reaction by reversible competitive adsorption, whereas carbon dioxide does not. Oxygen completely inhibits the reduction of nitric oxide due to the more rapid reoxidation of the catalytic sites compared to nitric oxide. Therefore, the reduction of nitric oxide takes place only when all oxygen has been converted and, hence, is shifted to higher temperatures. As a possible consequence, the production of nitrous oxide is reduced. Nitric oxide and molecular oxygen react preferentially with carbon monoxide, so, in an excess of oxidizing component, gasification of the carbon support occurs at higher temperatures after carbon monoxide has been completely consumed.     

高质量ZnO薄膜的退火性质研究

在LP－MOCVD中，我们利用Zn(C2H5)2作Zn源，CO2作氧源，在（0002）蓝宝石衬底上成功制备出皮c轴取向高度一致的ZnO薄膜，并对其进行500℃-800℃四个不同温度的退火。利用XRD、吸收谱、光致发光谱和AFM等手段研究了退火对ZnO晶体质量和光学性质的影响。退火后，（0002）ZnO的XRD衍射峰强度显著增强，c轴晶格常数变小，同时（0002）ZnOX射红衍射峰半高宽不断减小表明晶粒逐渐增大，这与AFM观察结果较一致。由透射谱拟合得到的光学带隙退火后变小，PL谱的带边发射则加强，并出现红移，蓝带发光被有效抑制，表明ZnO薄膜的质量得到提高。     

氧化钨物理特征的测量

对铵钨青铜（ATB）、氢钨青铜（HTB），紫色氧化钨（TVO）和蓝色氧化钨（TBO）四种氧化钨粉的氮气吸附/脱附等温线数据的分析。可以得出其表面积，微孔体积，微孔分布，中孔体积，平均孔径和分数维数。吸附/脱附等温线数据的分析表明，TVO粉末具有最大的中孔体积，最小的微孔体积，最窄的孔径分布，最小的分数维数和最大的平均孔径，其有利于氢还原制取超细钨粉，而不利于掺杂工艺，HTB粉末具有最大的微孔体积，最宽的孔径分布，最高的分数维数和最小的平均孔径，对于掺杂工艺来说是有利的，ATB和ABO的上述参数界于TVO和HTB之间。结果表明，利用吸附/脱附等温线来研究氧化物的物理特征是一个很好的方法；在氧化钨用于氢还原工艺和掺杂工艺之前必须研究其物理特征。     

多层薄膜结构气敏效应研究

在SnO2气敏薄膜层上覆盖一层或多层钝化材料（SiO2,Al2O3) 薄膜，制成的多层膜气敏元件，可很好地排除大分子气体如乙醇等对小分子H2检测的干扰，使其具有单独检测H2的功能。本文还通过测量元件的升温曲线，推导出敏感体表面的氧吸附活化能；找出活化能与灵敏度、选择性的关系。根据实验现象和物性分析结果，试着探讨了元件的敏感机理。     

用菱锌矿制取轻质氧化锌的研究

介绍了以菱锌矿为原料生产轻质氧化锌的方法，论述了反应酸浓度，煅烧温度，溶液PH值对实验的影响，并对生产工艺条件进行了研究。其工艺流程是将粉碎后的菱锌矿进行循环酸浸，净化后再直接和碳化母液反应，经沉降后再煅烧分解为轻质氧化锌，产品质量符合国家标准，视比容大，活性强，成本低，经济效益显著。